Collapse load of composite laminates: Lower bound evaluation by stress field analytical approximation

The paper proposes a limit analysis approach to define the ultimate load capacity of orthotropic composite laminates under biaxial loading and plane stress conditions. A lower bound to the collapse load multiplier is computed by solving a maximization nonlinear problem, according to the static theorem of limit analysis. To set up the optimization problem a stress field distribution is hypothesized at lamina level, moreover inter-lamina stresses are also considered. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the obtained numerical predictions both with available experimental data and with other numerical results carried out by means of a different numerical lower bound approach.     

开关磁阻直线电机的设计及其推力优化

设计了一种开关磁阻直线电机,使用JMAG软件对其进行了仿真和优化。进行了推力公式的推导,研究了导通顺序和初始位置对电机推力的影响,并分析了三种典型情况的磁力线分布。对电机的定子和动子的齿部和轭部高度、宽度及铁耗进行仿真优化,得出了最优参数。将有取向硅钢应用于该电机,研究了推力与轧制角的关系,并与使用普通硅钢的开关磁阻直线电机进行了对比,推力有一定提升。提出在动子齿部开切向槽的方案,结果表明,开切向槽对推力的影响较小,并能显著减小推力波动。     

高落差粉尘扩散规律和分布特征

高溜井放矿过程中会形成强大的冲击气流引起粉尘扩散，造成严重的井下环境污染，对其进行有效治理一直是井下通风除尘的工作重心，本工作利用相似实验和数值模拟相结合的方式探究溜井放矿过程中粉尘的扩散规律和分布特征。通过改变放矿质量、矿石粒径、溜井密闭程度、含水率等因素测试不同条件下气流大小和粉尘浓度分布，并利用CFD-DPM耦合方法模拟卸矿过程中的气?固两相流，研究气流和粉尘浓度时空分布特征。结果表明，最大粉尘浓度和风速随放矿质量增加而上升，随颗粒粒径和溜井密闭程度增大而降低，且含水率越大，粉尘浓度越小，风速无明显变化，在放矿过程中矿石颗粒之间碰撞占主导作用，颗粒流呈横向分布。     

Cost-minimization analysis of a working vacation queue with N-policy and server breakdowns

This paper investigates the N-policy M/M/1 queueing system with working vacation and server breakdowns. As soon as the system becomes empty, the server begins a working vacation. The server works at a lower service rate rather than completely stopping service during a vacation period. The server may break down with different breakdown rates during the idle, working vacation, and normal busy periods. It is assumed that service times, vacation times, and repair times are all exponentially distributed. We analyze this queueing model as a quasi-birth–death process. Furthermore, the equilibrium condition of the system is derived for the steady state. Using the matrix-geometric method, we find the matrix-form expressions for the stationary probability distribution of the number of customers in the system and system performance measures. The expected cost function per unit time is constructed to determine the optimal values of the system decision variables, including the threshold N and mean service rates. We employ the particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the optimization problem. Finally, numerical results are provided, and an application example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the queueing model.     

随车起重机伸缩臂截面多目标优化

为了提高某火箭炮弹药装填车随车起重机伸缩臂的结构刚度,减轻结构质量,建立了随车起重机伸缩臂参数化模型,并对伸缩臂在水平受载状态下进行仿真分析。以伸缩臂截面尺寸参数为设计变量,借助最优拉丁超立方试验设计建立样本空间,构造响应面多项式函数近似模型。在此基础上,利用NSGA-Ⅱ型遗传算法对伸缩臂自身重量、挠度进行多目标优化。优化结果表明:伸缩臂质量减轻了24.5%,减重效果明显。文中所采用的将参数化建模、有限元分析和数值寻优相结合的优化方法,可为起重机伸缩臂截面优化提供一定的参考。     

氧化石墨烯改性碳纤维复合材料抗冲击行为研究

使用单层纳米氧化石墨烯（NGO）粒子对环氧树脂进行改性处理，采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺制备了[±45/0/90]_2S铺层角度下的纯树脂及单层NGO改性碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）层合板。通过落锤冲击试验、超声C扫描检测、冲击后压缩试验等对纯树脂及单层NGO改性CFRP进行实验研究。结果表明，纯树脂及单层NGO改性CFRP在损伤阻抗及损伤容限实验中均存在拐点现象，且拐点出现在相同深度位置，其中纯树脂CFRP拐点位置为0.51 mm，单层NGO改性CFRP拐点位置为0.43 mm；相对于纯树脂CFRP，单层NGO改性CFRP可以显著提高复合材料的抗冲击性能及冲击后的压缩性能；通过对冲击后凹坑深度及凹坑面积进行数据模拟，可以用拟合公式实现对复合材料的损伤预测。     

A facile pathway to prepare molybdenum boride powder from molybdenum and boron carbide

Molybdenum boride is an ideal hard and wear-resistant material. In this study, a new method is proposed for preparing molybdenum boride, by which Mo first reacts with B₄C to generate the mixture of molybdenum boride and C, and then the product is decarburized by molten Ca to generate CaC₂. Pure molybdenum boride could be obtained after acid leaching to remove the by-product CaC₂. According to the experimental and thermodynamic calculation results, it is concluded that the single-phase MoB could be successfully prepared, while Mo₂B, Mo₂B₅, and MoB₄ could not be synthesized by this method. Moreover, it was found that the particle size of finally prepared MoB is determined by particle size of raw Mo powder. The residual carbon content of the product could be decreased to 0.10 wt% after first reaction at 1673 K for 6 hours and then decarburization reaction at 1673 K for 6 hours.     

Bearing Failure Optimization of Composite Double-Lap Bolted Joints Based on a Three-Step Strategy Marked By Feasible Region Reduction and Model Decoupling

To minimize the mass and increase the bearing failure load of composite doublelap bolted joints, a three-step optimization strategy including feasible region reduction, optimization model decoupling and optimization was presented. In feasible region reduction, the dimensions of the feasible design region were reduced by selecting dominant design variables from numerous multilevel parameters by sensitivity analyses, and the feasible regions of variables were reduced by influence mechanism analyses. In model decoupling, the optimization model with a large number of variables was divided into various sub-models with fewer variables by variance analysis. In the third step, the optimization sub-models were solved one by one using a genetic algorithm, and the modified characteristic curve method was adopted as the failure prediction method. Based on the proposed optimization method, optimization of a double-lap single-bolt joint was performed using the ANSYS^® code. The results show that the bearing failure load increased by 13.5% and that the mass decreased by 8.7% compared with those of the initial design of the joint, which validated the effectiveness of the three-step optimization strategy.     

基于改进人工蜂群算法的多目标绿色柔性作业车间调度研究

针对多目标绿色柔性作业车间调度问题（MGFJSP）的特点，提出从碳排放量、噪声和废弃物这3个指标来综合评定环境污染程度，建立了以最小化最大完成时间和环境污染程度为优化目标的MGFJSP模型，并提出了一种改进的人工蜂群算法来求解该模型。算法的具体改进包括：设计了一种三维向量的编码和对应解码方案，在跟随蜂搜索阶段引入一种有效的动态邻域搜索操作来提高算法的局部搜索能力，在侦查蜂阶段提出产生新食物源的策略用于增加种群的多样性。最后进行了实验研究与算法对比，以验证所建模型和所提算法的有效性。     

An engineering method for complex structural optimization involving both size and topology design variables

This work presents an engineering method for optimizing structures made of bars, beams, plates, or a combination of those components. Corresponding problems involve both continuous (size) and discrete (topology) variables. Using a branched multipoint approximate function, which involves such mixed variables, a series of sequential approximate problems are constructed to make the primal problem explicit. To solve the approximate problems, genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to optimize discrete variables, and when calculating individual fitness values in GA, a second-level approximate problem only involving retained continuous variables is built to optimize continuous variables. The solution to the second-level approximate problem can be easily obtained with dual methods. Structural analyses are only needed before improving the branched approximate functions in the iteration cycles. The method aims at optimal design of discrete structures consisting of bars, beams, plates, or other components. Numerical examples are given to illustrate its effectiveness, including frame topology optimization, layout optimization of stiffeners modeled with beams or shells, concurrent layout optimization of beam and shell components, and an application in a microsatellite structure. Optimization results show that the number of structural analyses is dramatically decreased when compared with pure GA while even comparable to pure sizing optimization.